RiezZqiLa *: INDONESHIA NI OKERU KAIKEI-SHI

Indoneshia no kaikei kankō wa, 17 (ADB 2003) matawa yaku toshi 1642 (Soemarso 1995) ni tsuite Oranda no shokuminchi jidai ni sakanoboru koto ga dekimasu. Torēsu wa, akiraka ni Jakaruta (Soemarso 1995) nimotozuite kaikei kankō wa 1747-nen ni Indoneshia de mitsukeru koto ga deki, kaikei kankō o jissō Amphioen Sociteyt ni kanren shite imasu. Oranda no kono jidai ni rukapachiori ni yotte kaihatsu sa reta to shite, daburuentorīshisutemu (fukushiki boki) o dōnyū shimashita. Shokuminchi jidai no shuyōna shōgyō soshikidearu VOC - Oranda no kokuyū kigyō, (dīga to Yunusu 1997) kono jidai ni, Indoneshia no bijinesu kankō no jūyōna yakuwari o hatashita.

Shokuminchi jidai no keizai katsudō wa 1800-nendai to 1900-nendai shotō no ma ni kyūsoku ni zōka shita. Sore wa amari menanmkan Oranda no bijinesuman wa, Indoneshia ni tōshi suru koto o kyōsei saibai no haishi ni yotte tokuchōdzuke rareru. Zōka shita keizai katsudō wa, kaikeishi, hon kunren o uketa tsūyaku no juyō no shutsugen o unagashimasu. Kekka to shite, kansa kinō wa, 1907 (Soemarso 1995)-nen ni Indoneshia ni dōnyū sa reru yō ni narimashita. Kono kansa no nīzu ni kikai wa saishūtekini Oranda to sen'i seizō kigyō (Yunusu 1990) ni kanri o shien suru tame ni Indoneshia ni iku Igirisu no kaikeishi ni yotte hokaku sa reta. Dai ichi Indoneshia ni tōchaku shita naibu kansa-in wa, 1896-nen ni Indoneshia ni imasu (kaikei jimusho o seiri shi, seigyo) kansa gyōmu o suikō suru saisho vu~ansuhāhen ga 1907 (Soemarso 1995) de Indoneshia ni okura reta hito Labrijn - JWdesu.

Deribarībansuhāhen wa 1915-nen (Soermarso 1995) ni keisei sa reta jōtai no denshi seifu-kyoku no kaikeishi kaikeishi Dienst no sōsetsu no shuppatsu-tendesu. Saisho wa 1918-nen ni Indoneshia ni jimusho o setsuritsu kaikeishi furēze& Hogewegdesu. Kono jimusho no setsuritsu wa, hoka no kigyō ga 1920-nen ni kaikei jimusho no HYVoerens to Tsubone Belasting kaikeishi zeirishi - Dienst (Soemarso 1995-nen) no setsuritsu ni tsudzuita. Shokuminchi jidai ni wa, kōnin kaikeishi to shite hataraite ita dare mo Indoneshia. Kaikei bun'ya de hataraite ita Indonesa saisho no hito wa 1929-nen 9 tsuki (Soemarso 1995) 21-nichi ni sozei kaikeishi no kyoku de boki-gakari to shite ninmei sa reta JD masshīdesu.

Jimoto no kaikeishi (Indoneshia) no kikai wa, Indoneshia kara Oranda no genshō ni yori, nenkan 1942 kara 1945-nen ni tōjō shi hajimeta. 1947-Nen ni kyōju kokka Indoneshia de yuiitsu no kaikeishi ga atta. Hakase Abutari (Soermarso 1995). Oranda moderu no kaikei kankō wa, dokuritsu (1950-nen)-go no jidai ni shiyō sa rete imashita. Kaikei kyōiku to kunren wa mada Oranda no kaikei moderu ni yotte shihai sa rete imasu. Oranda no kokueigigyō to 1958-nen ni Indoneshia kara Oranda hito no imin no kokuyū-ka wa, kaikeishi ya senmonka (dīga to Yunusu 1997) no fusoku ni tsunagatta.

Kokuyū-ka to kaikeishi no fusoku nimotozuite, Indoneshia wa saishūtekini wa Amerika no moderu no kaikei kankō ni natte. Shikashi, kono jidai ni, Amerika no moderu no kaikei kankō wa, tokuni seifu kikande wa, Oranda no kaikei moderu ni tokekomu koto ga dekimasu. Akauntingu nado no ofā no kōsu, kōtō kyōiku kikan-sū no zōka, kin'yū kenkyūjo (kaikei, sutan no shūritsu daigaku) 1990, Padjajaran 1961-nen no daigaku, Kita Sumatora-shū, 1962-nen, 1962-nen to gajamada daigaku no airuranga daigaku, 1964-nen, 1952-nen ni kaikei o senkō shite Indoneshia daigaku no kaisetsu (Soermarso 1995) shita 1960-nen ni Amerika no moderu (ADB 2003) no Oranda no moderu no kaikei kankō e no henkō o motomeru puronputo ga hyōji sa remasu. Sonogo, 1970-nen ni, subete no kikan wa, kaikei shisutemu (dīga to Yunusu 1997) no Amerika no moderu o saiyō subekidearu.

1980-Nendai nakaba ni, tehnokrat made no gurūpu to wa, keizai to kaikei no kaikaku ni taisuru kenen o motte imasu. Gurūpu wa, sugureta kaikei jitsumu no shien o ukete, yori kyōsō-ryoku no aru keizai to, yori ichiba shikō o sakusei shiyou to shite imasu. Gurūpuporishīde wa, gaikokujintōshika ya kokusai kikan (rossā 1999) kara tsuyoi shiji o eta. Ni shiyō dekimasu ito to kōtei-tekina kekka o hyōji suru tame ni 1: Shihon'ichiba no kaizen, 1980-nendai to 1990-nendai shotō ni okeru kaikei kaikaku no dōnyū, no 3 shurui no kaisha no jissai no gazō o hyōji suru tosho - one to bēsu ishi kettei ni sōgū shita ōku no kigyō no renshū no mae ni Kokunai oyobi gaikoku ginkō kara no yūshi/ shin'yō, mō 1tsu no tame ni tekiyō sa reru sozei ni kanshite wa menjukkan fu no kekka (sonshitsu) (hyūi 1994).

1990-Nendai shotō ni, zaimu hōkoku no shitsu o kōjō sa seru tame no atsuryoku wa, tōshi-ka no shinrai to kōdō ni eikyōwoataeru kanōsei ga ari, zaimu hōkoku no fushōji no hassei ga fuzoku shite imasu. Dai ichi sukyandaru wa ginkō de~yuta (Suharuto daitōryō seigyo sa reru 3ttsu no zaidan ga shoyū suru puraibēto· banku) no baaidesu. Ginkō de~yuta wa, 1990-nen ni kōkai shitaga sonshitsu ga (ADB 2003) no tairyō o kaiji suru koto ga dekimasendeshita. Ginkō de~yuta mo mondai ni Bapepam, kansa-yaku matawa underwriternya ni subete no jōhō o shira sete imasendeshita. Zan'nen'nagara, ginkō de~yuta kansa hito wa mu gentei tekisei iken o hakkō shimashita. Kono kēsu wa, purazaindoneshia fudōsan (middo 1992-nen) to barito-gawa Taiheiyō mokuzai (1993) no kēsu ga tsudzuita. Rossā (1999) wa, seifu ga chōki-tekina tōshi no nagare o dōin suru koto ga dekiru moderudearu koto ga shihon'ichiba moderu" kajino" no tenkan o nozonde iru baai, Indoneshia no seifu wa, zaimu hōkoku no hinshitsu ga kaizen sa renakereba naranai to iimasu.

Sukyandaru wa, seifu ya kisei tōkyoku ga zaimu hōkoku ni kakaru genkakuna kisei no porishī o hakkō suru yō ni motome rarete imasu. Mazu, 1994-nen 9 tsuki ni, IAI o tsūjita seifu wa, zaimu kaikei kijun-sho (SFAS) to shite shira rete iru kaikei kijun no setto o saiyō shite imasu. Daini ni, Sekaiginkō (Segin) to kyōdō de, seifu wa, kaikei kisoku to kaikei senmon-shoku kenshū o kaihatsu suru koto o mokuteki to shita kaikei kaihatsu purojekuto o jissō shimasu. Daisan ni, 1995-nen ni, seifu ga gōdōkaisha-hō de kaikei shori ni kanren suru rūru o sakusei shimasu. Daishi ni, 1995-nen ni seifu ga shihon'ichiba-hō (rossā 1999) ni kaikei/ zaimu hōkoku no sokumen o kumikomu.

Nenkan 1997 - 1998 no rupia no geraku wa, zaimu hōkoku no shitsu o kōjō sa seru tame ni seifu ni atsuryoku o zōka shite imasu. 1998-Nen shotō made wa, hasan konglomarat, collapsenya ginkō shisutemu wa, seifu ga kokusai tsūka kikin (IMF) to kyōryoku shi, kokusai tsūka kikin (IMF) ni yotte teikyō sa reru berbagaai resukyūpakkēji o negoshiēto suru tame ni infure-ritsu to shitsugyō-ryoku o jōshō. Kono jiten de, erā wa chokusetsu hinkon-sō no kaikei kankō ya jōhō kaiji no shitsu no waru-sa (tōmei-do) o neratte imasen. Tsugi no hyō ni yōyaku Indoneshia ni okeru kaikei no hatten.